The accessories of electric forklifts mainly include electrical system accessories, power system accessories, hydraulic system accessories, mechanical structure accessories, etc. The following is an introduction to some common accessories:
Electrical System Accessories
- Controller: It is the core control component of the electric forklift, adopting an all-digital PWM control method. It can realize functions such as stepless speed regulation and current reverse sequence recharge control, and also has protection functions like overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature protection.
- Contactor: Used to control the on-off of the circuit and realize functions such as the forward and reverse rotation of the motor and speed adjustment. During the operation of the electric forklift, the contactor needs to be switched on and off frequently, so it must have good wear resistance and electrical conductivity.
- Motor: Provides power for the electric forklift. The common types are DC motors and AC motors. DC motors have advantages such as good speed regulation performance and large torque, while AC motors have advantages like high efficiency and simple maintenance.
- Battery: Serves as the power source of the electric forklift, supplying electricity to the motor and other electrical equipment. The capacity and service life of the battery directly affect the working time and operating cost of the electric forklift. The common types are lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries.
- Wire and Cable: Used to connect various electrical equipment and transmit electricity and signals. The specification and quality of wires and cables directly affect the electrical performance and safety of the electric forklift, so it is necessary to select appropriate specifications and materials.
Power System Accessories
- Drive Wheel: In direct contact with the ground, it is responsible for the driving and steering of the electric forklift and needs to have good wear resistance and traction. The size and material of the drive wheel vary according to the load capacity and operating environment of the electric forklift.
- Steering Wheel: Used to control the steering direction of the electric forklift and must have flexible steering performance and good stability. The steering wheel is usually small to achieve a small turning radius.
- Tire: There are two types: solid tires and pneumatic tires. Solid tires have advantages such as good wear resistance and strong load-bearing capacity, making them suitable for heavy loads and harsh environments; pneumatic tires have advantages like good comfort and strong shock absorption performance, which are suitable for light loads and good road conditions.
Hydraulic System Accessories
- Hydraulic Pump: Converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and provides power for the hydraulic system. The flow rate and pressure of the hydraulic pump determine the lifting speed and load-bearing capacity of the electric forklift. The common types include gear pumps and piston pumps.
- Multi-way Valve: Controls the flow direction and flow rate of hydraulic oil to realize the lifting, lowering, forward tilting, backward tilting and other actions of the electric forklift. The multi-way valve must have good sealing performance and stability to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system.
- Hydraulic Cylinder: Including lifting cylinders, tilting cylinders, etc., it converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy to realize various actions of the electric forklift. The piston diameter and stroke of the hydraulic cylinder determine the lifting height and tilting angle of the electric forklift.
- Hydraulic Oil Pipe: Used to connect hydraulic components such as hydraulic pumps, multi-way valves, and hydraulic cylinders, and transmit hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil pipe needs to have good pressure resistance and sealing performance to prevent hydraulic oil leakage.
Mechanical Structure Accessories
- Mast: It is the main load-bearing component of the electric forklift, used to install the forks and lifting chains to realize the lifting and lowering of goods. The mast is usually composed of an inner mast, an outer mast, and lifting chains, and must have sufficient strength and rigidity.
- Fork: It is the tool used by the electric forklift to pick up goods, usually made of high-strength steel, and needs to have sufficient strength and wear resistance. The length and width of the fork vary according to the load capacity and usage requirements of the electric forklift.
- Frame: It is the overall frame of the electric forklift, used to install various components and bear the weight of the electric forklift and goods. The frame must have sufficient strength and rigidity to ensure the stability and safety of the electric forklift.
- Overhead Guard: Installed above the driver's seat of the electric forklift, it is used to protect the driver from being injured by objects falling from above. The overhead guard needs to have sufficient strength and rigidity to effectively protect the driver's safety in case of accidents.
