A backhoe loader (commonly known as a "two-way machine") is a multi-functional construction machinery that integrates excavation and loading functions. It is widely used in construction, agricultural production, municipal engineering, mining operations and other scenarios. When purchasing, it is necessary to comprehensively consider multiple dimensions such as specific operational needs, equipment performance, and usage costs. Here is a detailed purchasing guide:
I. Clarify Operational Needs: The Core Premise for Purchase
The functional adaptability of a backhoe loader directly depends on the operating scenario. The following key information needs to be clarified first:
- Main types of operations: Is it mainly excavation (such as foundation pit excavation, earth moving) or mainly loading (such as material loading and unloading, site leveling)? Is it necessary to take into account other functions (such as crushing, grabbing)?
- Operating environment:
- Site conditions: Is the operation carried out in narrow spaces (such as indoors, roadways)? Is the ground soft (need to consider ground pressure) or hard (need to consider tire / track type)?
- Operation intensity: Is it short-term sporadic operation or long-term high-intensity continuous operation?
- Special requirements: Is high-altitude operation (such as unloading height) or deep foundation pit excavation (such as maximum excavation depth) required?
- Supporting accessory needs: Is there a need for additional devices such as a breaker, grapple, dozer blade, forklift attachments, etc.? (Accessory compatibility needs to match the equipment)
II. Focus on Core Performance Parameters: Matching Operational Needs
Performance parameters directly reflect the capabilities of the equipment. The following indicators need to be focused on and compared:
| Core Parameters | Key Roles | Selection Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Engine power | Determines the power output of the equipment, affecting excavation/loading efficiency, driving speed and climbing ability. | For high-intensity operations (such as hard rock excavation), choose high power (≥75kW); for light operations (such as agricultural land leveling), 50-75kW can be selected. |
| Excavation performance | Including maximum excavation depth, excavation radius, unloading height (excavation end). | For deep foundation pit operations, attention should be paid to the "maximum excavation depth" (such as ≥4.5m); for high-altitude unloading, attention should be paid to the "unloading height" (such as ≥3.5m). |
| Loading performance | Including bucket capacity, rated load, unloading distance (loading end). | When material loading and unloading is the main task, the bucket capacity (such as 1-2m³) and rated load should match the material density (such as sand, earth). |
| Driving performance | Driving speed (high and low speed), climbing ability (≥25° is more suitable for complex terrain), turning radius. | For long-distance transfer, attention should be paid to "driving speed" (high gear ≥20km/h); for narrow sites, a small turning radius (≤5m) is required. |
| Fuel consumption | Fuel consumption per unit of operation (such as L/h), which affects costs in long-term use. | Priority should be given to models with "energy-saving mode", combined with the fuel economy reputation of engine brands (such as Cummins, Weichai). |
III. Evaluate Core Components of the Equipment: Reliability and Durability
The quality of core components directly determines the service life and failure rate of the equipment, and the following should be focused on:
- Power system: The engine is the "heart". Priority should be given to well-known brands (such as Cummins, Kubota, Yuchai). Pay attention to their emission standards (such as National III, National IV, which need to meet local environmental protection requirements) and maintenance cycles (the longer, the more worry-free).
- Hydraulic system: Affects the smoothness and accuracy of operation. It is necessary to confirm the brands of hydraulic pumps, cylinders, and valve groups (such as Parker, Rexroth), check for overload protection and oil temperature control (to avoid high-temperature damage), and give priority to "load-sensitive hydraulic systems" (energy-saving and fast response).
- Structural parts: The material (such as high-strength low-alloy steel) and welding process (no false welding, cracks) of the excavating arm, loading arm, and frame need to meet fatigue resistance (no deformation in long-term heavy-load operations).
- Travel system: Wheel-type is suitable for hard ground and high-speed movement; crawler-type is suitable for soft ground and climbing, but with slow speed. For tires, engineering-grade wear-resistant tires (such as radial tires) should be selected; for crawlers, attention should be paid to the service life of track links.
