Safety operation of excavation loader

The backhoe loader (commonly known as "two-way machine") integrates excavation and loading functions, and is widely used in construction, agriculture, municipal and other scenarios. Its operation involves the collaboration of multiple systems such as the mechanical arm, bucket, and driving, so safe operation is crucial. The following details the key points of safe operation from three dimensions: pre-operation preparation, in-operation specifications, and post-operation inspection:

I. Safety Preparation Before Operation

1. Equipment Inspection

• Excavation device: Check whether the connecting pins of the boom, stick, and bucket are tight, and whether there are cracks or deformations; check whether the hydraulic pipelines are leaking and whether the joints are loose.
• Loading device: Check the wear condition of the bucket and whether the connecting parts are firm; check whether the lifting cylinder works normally and whether there is oil leakage.
• Power system: Check whether the oil level of engine oil, coolant, and fuel is normal and whether the oil quality is good; check whether the air filter is clean and whether there is blockage.
• Brake system: Test the performance of the service brake and parking brake to ensure that the brakes are sensitive and reliable; check the brake fluid level and whether the brake pipelines are leaking.
• Hydraulic system: Check the oil level and oil quality of the hydraulic oil tank, whether the hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor work normally and whether there is abnormal noise; check whether the action of the hydraulic control valve is flexible and accurate.
• Electrical system: Check the battery power and the connection of the terminal posts, whether the lights, horn, instruments, etc. work normally; check whether the starting system is reliable.

• Clear obstacles in the operation area, such as stones, tree trunks, wires, etc., to ensure that the operation space is unobstructed.
• Check the ground condition of the operation site, and avoid operating on soft, muddy, or steep ground (generally, the slope does not exceed 15°) to prevent the equipment from tipping over.
• Confirm whether there are personnel staying or other equipment operating in the operation area, and set up warning signs and isolation belts if necessary.

2. Personal Protection and Training

• Operators must wear personal protective equipment, including safety helmets, safety shoes, work clothes, protective gloves, etc. Those with long hair must tuck their hair into the safety helmet.
• Operators must receive professional training, be familiar with the performance, structure, operation methods, and safety precautions of the backhoe loader, and can only work after obtaining the corresponding operation qualification certificate.
• Before operation, operators should understand the operation tasks and requirements and listen to the instructions of the on-site commanders.

II. Safety Specifications During Operation

1. Safety in Excavation Operation

• Equipment positioning: During excavation operation, the backhoe loader should be parked on a flat and solid ground, the parking brake should be applied, and if necessary, stones or wooden boards should be placed under the tires to prevent the equipment from sliding.
• Excavation operation:
• When operating the excavation device, the joystick should be operated slowly and stably, and avoid pushing or pulling violently to prevent overloading of the hydraulic system or damage to components.
• When the bucket is excavating, it should start from the edge of the working face and gradually excavate towards the middle. Avoid excavating at one place for a long time to prevent the working face from collapsing.
• During the excavation process, pay attention to the position and angle of the bucket to avoid collision between the bucket and other objects.
• After the bucket is full of materials, the boom should be lifted slowly, and the bucket should be rotated to the unloading position. Avoid sudden stop or sudden rotation during the lifting process to prevent materials from spilling or equipment shaking.
• Avoid dangerous operations:
• It is strictly forbidden to use the excavation device to pry hard objects such as stones and concrete blocks to prevent damage to the excavation device.
• It is strictly forbidden to operate the equipment for driving during excavation to prevent accidents.
• It is strictly forbidden to use the excavation device as a lifting device to prevent equipment damage or casualties due to overloading.

2. Safety in Loading Operation

• Equipment positioning: During loading operation, the backhoe loader should be parked at an appropriate distance from the material pile to ensure that the bucket can be filled with materials smoothly and avoid collision between the equipment and the material pile.
• Loading operation:
• When operating the loading device, the joystick should be operated slowly and stably to control the lifting and turning of the bucket to avoid material spilling.
• When the bucket is inserted into the material pile, an appropriate angle and speed should be maintained to avoid rushing and colliding, so as to prevent damage to the bucket or shaking of the equipment.
• After the bucket is full of materials, the bucket should be lifted slowly and the materials should be transported to the unloading point. When unloading, attention should be paid to the situation of the unloading position to avoid materials spilling on personnel or equipment.
• Avoid dangerous operations:
• Overloading is strictly forbidden to prevent the equipment from overloading during driving, which will affect the braking performance and driving safety.
• It is strictly forbidden to operate the excavation device during loading to prevent accidents due to mutual interference.
• It is strictly forbidden to carry out equipment maintenance, repair, or cleaning operations when the bucket is in the lifted state to prevent casualties caused by the sudden drop of the bucket.

3. Driving Safety

• Starting and driving:
• Before starting, observe the surrounding environment, confirm that there are no personnel and obstacles, honk to indicate, and start slowly.
• During driving, maintain an appropriate speed, abide by traffic rules, slow down on roads with poor visibility, and honk to indicate.
• When turning, slow down in advance, observe the rearview mirror, confirm safety before turning, and the turning radius should be appropriately increased to avoid sudden turns and sudden braking.
• Driving up and down slopes:
• When going up and down slopes, the excavation device and loading device should be retracted to maintain the balance of the equipment.
• When going uphill, drive at a low speed and avoid stopping halfway; when going downhill, it is strictly forbidden to coast in neutral, and should be in low gear to control the speed by using the braking effect of the engine.
• When the slope is large, avoid driving horizontally to prevent the equipment from tipping over.
• Passing obstacles:
• When encountering obstacles during driving, slow down in advance, confirm the height and width of the obstacles, and if necessary, stop to remove the obstacles before driving.
• It is strictly forbidden to force through uncleared obstacles to prevent equipment damage or accidents.

4. Other Precautions

• During the operation, pay close attention to the operation status of the equipment. If abnormal noise, vibration, oil leakage, etc. are found, stop the operation immediately, check the cause and eliminate the fault before continuing the operation.
• It is strictly forbidden to carry out maintenance, repair, or cleaning operations when the equipment is running. If such operations are needed, the engine should be turned off first and the power supply should be cut off.
• During the operation, the operator should concentrate, must not leave the operating post without authorization, and must not engage in things unrelated to the operation.
• During night operations, sufficient lighting should be ensured in the operation area to ensure that the operator can clearly observe the operation situation.

III. Safety Inspection and Maintenance After Operation

1. Equipment Parking

• After the operation, the backhoe loader should be parked in a flat, solid, and safe place, away from fire sources, water sources, and corrosive substances.
• Retract the excavation device and loading device, place them in a stable position, pull the parking brake, turn off the engine, and take out the key.
• Clean the soil，debris, etc. on the equipment to keep the equipment clean.

2. Inspection and Maintenance

• Check the connection of various components of the equipment. If there is looseness, tighten them in time; check the wear of various components. If there is serious wear, replace them in time.
• Check the working conditions of the hydraulic system, brake system, electrical system, etc. If there is leakage, failure, etc., eliminate them in time.
• According to the equipment maintenance manual, regularly lubricate, maintain, and repair the equipment to ensure that the equipment performs well.

3. Recording and Reporting

• After the operation, the operator should fill in the equipment operation record, recording the operation time, operation status, fault situation, and other information of the equipment.
• If major faults or potential safety hazards are found in the equipment, report to the relevant person in charge in time and take corresponding measures to deal with them.