The core of stability assurance measures during operation lies in dynamic center-of-gravity control, standardized operation procedures, and enhanced management of special working conditions. Below is a modular and fully implementable list of measures:
I. Stability Measures for Driving Operations (Prevent Side Slip/Rollover)
Load Attitude Control
Retract the forks to 10–15 cm above the ground and tilt the mast backward to the limit position for locking. It is strictly prohibited to lift/lower loads or tilt the mast forward during driving to avoid center-of-gravity deviation.Graded Speed Control
- Drive at low speed when unloaded; enforce a speed limit of ≤ 5 km/h for heavy-load operations, on slippery roads, or in narrow passages.
- Must reduce speed to ≤ 3 km/h when turning; sharp turns and braking during steering are forbidden.
- High-speed travel over potholed, oily, or icy/snowy roads is strictly prohibited.
Rigid Rules for Ramp Driving
- Ascending ramps: Drive forward, maintain a constant speed, and prohibit gear shifting midway.
- Descending ramps: Drive in reverse (with the load at the rear), gently apply the brakes, and strictly prohibit coasting in neutral gear.
- Heavy-load operations on cross slopes are strictly forbidden.
Special Measures for Specific Road Conditions
- Icy/oily roads: Activate anti-skid mode (if available); avoid emergency braking and acceleration.
- Sandy/muddy ground: Pass at low and constant speed to prevent wheel sinking.
- Uneven roads: Slow down and proceed with caution; inspect the route on foot if necessary.
II. Stability Measures for Loading and Unloading Operations (Prevent Longitudinal Rollover)
Standard Loading Procedures
- Tilt the mast forward until the forks are fully inserted into the pallet; confirm that the forks are centered and the load’s center of gravity is aligned with the middle of the forks.
- Tilt the mast backward to stabilize the load, then lift the forks slowly. Shock loading is prohibited.
Standard Unloading Procedures
- Move slowly to the shelf/designated position and confirm that the supporting surface is flat.
- Tilt the mast forward until the forks can be extracted; after confirming the load is placed stably, pull out the forks slowly. Violent pulling is strictly prohibited.
Core Restrictions for Stacking/De-stacking
- The higher the lifting height, the lower the load weight must be (for high-altitude operations ≥ 3 m, reduce the load to below 50% of the rated capacity).
- Lifting loads with the mast in a forward-tilted position is strictly prohibited; adjusting the mast tilt angle during high-altitude operations is forbidden.
- Keep the mast tilted backward as much as possible and minimize the forward tilt angle and duration.
III. Enhanced Stability Measures for Special Working Conditions
| Working Conditions | Core Assurance Measures |
|---|---|
| Narrow-aisle operations | Select models with wide wheelbases/four-wheel steering; prohibit spot turns; prioritize using side shifters for position adjustment; control steering angle and speed |
| Low-temperature environments | Use low-temperature-resistant batteries and hydraulic oil; preheat tires; avoid heavy-load ascending; reduce operation intensity and shorten continuous operation time |
| Explosion-proof scenarios | Activate explosion-proof mode; strictly prohibit overspeed, sudden stops, and sharp turns; regularly inspect explosion-proof components; ensure the load does not exceed the explosion-proof rated capacity |
| High-altitude operations (≥ 3 m) | Adopt low-center-of-gravity models; reduce the load to below 50% of the rated capacity; lock the mast in the backward-tilted position; fix the operation radius and prohibit large-range movement |
IV. General Safety and Emergency Response Measures During Operation
Personnel and Operational Discipline
- Operators must maintain full concentration throughout the operation; answering phone calls or distracted operation is strictly prohibited.
- Overloading with personnel and carrying non-operational staff are strictly forbidden; set up warning zones in the operation area to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering.
Emergency Response to Sudden Situations
- Rollover precursors (vehicle tilting, tire slipping): Stop operations immediately, lower the load slowly, tilt the mast backward, and avoid sudden steering or emergency braking.
- In case of rollover: Grasp the steering wheel firmly, move the body in the direction opposite to the vehicle’s tilt, and evacuate only after the vehicle stabilizes. Jumping out of the vehicle is strictly prohibited.
