A backhoe loader is a multifunctional construction machinery that integrates excavation and loading functions. Its working principle is based on the coordinated operation of various components, and through the cooperation of power transmission, hydraulic drive and mechanical structure, it can realize various operations such as excavation, loading and transportation.
In terms of structure, the backhoe loader is mainly composed of a power system, a transmission system, a traveling system, a steering system, a working device and a hydraulic system. Among them, the power system is usually a diesel engine, which is the power source of the whole machine and provides energy for the operation of various systems. The power generated by the engine is transmitted through the transmission system. The transmission system generally includes components such as a clutch, a gearbox and a drive shaft, which reasonably distributes the power to the traveling system and the working device to ensure that the equipment can not only travel and move, but also drive the working device to operate.
During excavation operations, the boom, stick and bucket in its working device play a key role. The hydraulic system converts the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy through the hydraulic pump, and then converts the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy through the hydraulic cylinder. When performing excavation operations, manipulate the corresponding hydraulic control valve, high-pressure oil enters the boom cylinder to push the boom up and down, adjusting the working height of the bucket; the stick cylinder drives the stick to expand and contract, changing the working radius of the bucket; the bucket cylinder controls the bucket to flip, realizing the excavation and loading of materials. Through the coordinated action of these three hydraulic cylinders, the bucket can complete a series of actions from excavating materials to transferring them to transport vehicles.
In loading operations, the front loading bucket becomes the main working component. Also relying on the drive of the hydraulic system, the loading boom cylinder controls the lifting and lowering of the loading bucket, and the loading bucket cylinder controls the unloading action of the bucket. When loading, the equipment drives to the material pile, lowers the loading bucket to insert it into the material, then lifts the boom to pick up the material, and then drives to the transport vehicle, and unloads the material into the carriage by flipping the bucket.
In addition, the traveling system enables the backhoe loader to move flexibly in the work site and adapt to different work positions; the steering system ensures the steering flexibility of the equipment, facilitating operation in narrow sites. All systems cooperate with each other to jointly realize the efficient and multi-functional operation performance of the backhoe loader.
